三相BLDC和PMSM设计的低压马达控制方案

三相BLDC/PMSM低压马达控制方案采用MC9S08AC16系列器件.这种8位MCU采用增强的HCS08内核,具有低成本和高性能,系列有各种模块,存储器容量,存储器类型和封装形式.MC9S08AC16和MC9S08AC8用于消费类电子和工业,MC9S08AW16A和MC9S08AW8A用于汽车电子.本文介绍了MC9S08AC16系列主要特性,方框图,以及三相BLDC和PMSM低压马达控制方案主要特性,详细电路图以及材料清单(BOM).

3-Phase BLDC/PMSM Low- Voltage Motor Control Drive

The MC9S08AC16 Series devices are members of the low-cost, high-performance HCS08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). All MCUs in the family use the enhanced HCS08 core and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes, memory types, and package types.

MC9S08AC16 Series Devices

• Consumer & Industrial

— MC9S08AC16

MC9S08AC8

• Automotive

— MC9S08AW16A

— MC9S08AW8A

8-Bit HCS08 Central Processor Unit (CPU)

• 40-MHz HCS08 CPU (central processor unit)

• 20-MHz internal bus frequency

• HC08 instruction set with added BGND instruction

• Background debugging system

• Breakpoint capability to allow single breakpoint setting during in-circuit debugging (plus two more breakpoints in on-chip debug module)

• Debug module containing two comparators and nine trigger modes. Eight deep FIFO for storing change-of-flow addresses and event-only data. Debug module supports both tag and force breakpoints.

• Support for up to 32 interrupt/reset sources

Memory Options

• Up to 16 KB of on-chip in-circuit programmable FLASH memory with block protection and security options

• Up to 1 KB of on-chip RAM

Clock Source Options

• Clock source options include crystal, resonator, external clock, or internally generated clock with precision NVM trimming

System Protection

• Optional computer operating properly (COP) reset with option to run from independent internal clock source or bus clock

• Low-voltage detection with reset or interrupt

• Illegal opcode detection with reset

• Illegal address detection with reset

Power-Saving Modes

• Wait plus two stops

Peripherals

• ADC — 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter with automatic compare function

• SCI — Two serial communications interface modules with optional 13-bit break

• SPI — Serial peripheral interface module

• IIC — Inter-integrated circuit bus module to operate at up to 100 kbps with maximum bus loading; capable of higher baud rates with reduced loading

• Timers — Three 16-bit timer/pulse-width modulator (TPM) modules — Two 2-channel and one 4-channel; each has selectable input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM capability on each channel. Each timer module may be configured for buffered,centered PWM (CPWM) on all channels

• KBI — 7-pin keyboard interrupt module

Input/Output

• Up to 38 general-purpose input/output (I/O) pins

• Software selectable pullups on ports when used as inputs

• Software selectable slew rate control on ports when used as outputs

• Software selectable drive strength on ports when used as outputs

• Master reset pin and power-on reset (POR)

• Internal pullup on RESET, IRQ, and BKGD/MS pins to reduce customer system cost

Package Options

• 48-pin quad flat no-lead package (QFN)

• 44-pin low-profile quad flat package (LQFP)

• 42-pin shrink dual-in-line package (SDIP)

• 32-pin low-profile quad flat package (LQFP)

图1.MC9S08AC16系列方框图

图2.MC9S08AC16系统时钟分布方框图

三相BLDC/PMSM低压马达控制驱动方案

Freescale’s 3-Phase BLDC/PMSM Low-Voltage Motor Control Drive is a 3-phase power stage that will operate with DC input voltages in the range 12–24 V, 4 A. Together with the daughter boards, it provides a software-development platform that allows algorithms to be written and tested without designing and building any hardware. It supports a variety of algorithms for PMSM and brushless DC (BLDC) motors.

The 3-Phase BLDC/PMSM Low-Voltage Motor Control Drive contains reverse-polarity protection circuitry, MOSFET-gate-drive circuits, analog-signal conditioning, low-voltage power supplies and bridge MOSFETs. The power devices do not need to be mounted on a heatsink.

There are controller daughter boards available with these controllers:

•MC56F8013/23 — LQFP32

•MC9S08AC16 — LQFP44

•MCF51AC256 — LQFP80

•MC9S08MP16 — LQFP48

•MC56F8006 — LQFP32

板主要特性:

•Power supply voltage input 12–24 V DC, extended up to 50 V (see chapter 2.2 Electrical Characteristics for details)

•Output current 4 A

•Power supply reverse polarity protection circuitry

•3-phase bridge inverter (6 MOSFET’s)

•3-phase MOSFET gate driver with overcurrent and undervoltage protection

•3-phase and DC-bus-current-sensing shunts

•DC-bus voltage sensing

•3-phase back-EMF voltage-sensing circuitry

•Low-voltage on-board power supplies

•Encoder/hall sensor sensing circuitry

•Motor power and signal connectors

•2 connectors for daughter board connection

•CAN physical layer

•USB interface

•User LED, power-on LED, 6 PWM LED diodes, and SCI activity LED diodes

•Up, down, toggle switches

•Reset push-button


图3.三相BLDC/PMSM低压马达控制驱动板外形图
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图4. 控制驱动板方框图

图5. 相位输出电路图

图6. 总线反馈电路图

图7. 控制驱动板电路图

图8. 控制驱动板电路图:模拟检测-相电流检测

图9. 控制驱动板电路图:模拟检测-后EMF检测
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图10. 控制驱动板电路图:微插头和其它电路-编码器/霍尔传感器和CAN

图11. 控制驱动板电路图:微插头和其它电路-开关,用户和PWM LED

图12. 控制驱动板电路图:微插头和其它电路-子板连接器和RESET

图13. 控制驱动板电路图:微插头和其它电路-USB/SCI桥

图14. 控制驱动板电路图:MOSFET驱动器

图15. 控制驱动板电路图:电源电路

图16. 控制驱动板电路图:电源电路(2)

控制驱动板材料清单(BOM):